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Nutritional Needs of Pregnant and Nursing Dogs
Nutritional Needs of Pregnant and Nursing Dogs-mob

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Pregnant Dog Care Guide

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Nutrition and bodyweight management are crucial for the health of a pregnant dog and her puppies. While your dog may not require as many doctor visits as people do during pregnancy, you will still need to understand how to take care of a pregnant dog. This can be achieved by consulting your vet who can evaluate and treat her for both internal and external parasites that could pose a threat to her or her offspring. Pregnancy in a dog is one of the most exciting, but delicate times in the life of a female dog. Hence, providing sufficient care during the early weeks of pregnancy is critical.
 

Signs of dog pregnancy 
 

It can be difficult to notice anything unusual in your dog during the first few weeks of her pregnancy. However, you can watch out for subtle signs of pregnancy in dogs.
 

  • Reduced activity.

Your pregnant dog will get tired easily and spend more time napping. For dogs that usually have a high energy drive, this decrease in activity should be considered carefully. It may be difficult to spot a decline in energy in dogs who love resting all day. So, if this is the case, pay attention to how quickly she feels exhausted during walks.
 

  • Strange behavior.

You will observe certain changes in your dog's behavior if she is pregnant. For example, she may crave her owner's comfort more frequently. A pregnant dog will spend more time around you, seeking extra attention. At times, she will also prefer solitude and would not want to be bothered. And when given attention, she may appear depressed or even irritated.
 

  • Alterations in appetite.

Appetite fluctuations are another sign of pregnancy in dogs. She may eat less or perhaps even vomit sometimes, early or midway through the pregnancy. However, she may consume more than normal and be unhappy with her meals. These changes are caused by your dog's shifting hormones.
 

  • Weight gain and belly enlargement.

Your dog’s abdomen will grow in size as the puppies grow. This can be one of the most obvious signs of a dog’s pregnancy, particularly if your dog hasn’t gained weight for any other reason. However, because enlargement of the abdomen happens late in a dog’s pregnancy, and if you detect this sign, it’s time to take her to the clinic.
 

Proper nutrition requirements during the pregnancy


Proper nutrition for pregnant dogs is important in this period. Therefore, extra caution and care should be given while providing food for pregnant dogs and caring for them.
 

  • Feeding your pregnant dog with a high-energy diet is important since she requires higher energy during such delicate times. Along with letting a baby grow in her womb, she will also be gaining body weight. That’s exactly why your vet will advise you to provide your dog with a high-energy diet with appropriate levels of fat, carbs, and protein. So, make sure to give her as much food as she likes unless she has a tendency of gaining weight.
  • A dog's pregnancy usually lasts for nine weeks on average. During the first six or seven weeks, the food intake shouldn't be higher than normal. Use a puppy formula to feed your dog as it will enable her to stay strong. Puppy food is also more nutritionally packed, making it easier to pass through the mother's smaller stomach. In fact, providing puppy food during the first six or seven weeks will be beneficial later as well. It will eventually provide essential nutrients to your dog’s puppies through the mother's milk when they are born. Then, between weeks six and seven, start giving her additional food as per her weight gain. By the ninth week, her appetite may wane or vanish. This is usually a sign that the puppies will be born within the next few days.
     

Pregnancy and nursing are not only responsible for many changes in a dog's body, but for changes in her lifestyle as well. If your dog is pregnant or nursing, pay special attention to her changing nutritional needs as she carries, delivers and nurses her puppies.
 

A week-by-week overview of your dog’s pregnancy

 

Weeks 1 and 2

  • Breeding occurs
  • Fertilization occurs
  • Fertilized eggs embed into the female’s uterine lining

 

Weeks 3 and 4

  • Embryo develops
  • Spinal cord slowly begins to develop
  • The fetus grows facial features
Weeks 5 and 6
  • Other organs develop
  • Legs, eyes, and other features develop
Weeks 7 and 8
  • The puppy/ies are well developed
  • Slowly move around in the abdomen
Week 9
  • The puppy/ies are fully developed
  • Labor begins

 

Which vaccines are required before and during your dog’s pregnancy?


Did you know? You must ensure that your female dog is up to date with vaccination before and during pregnancy. After all, it offers protection from rabies and other severe illnesses. So, let’s explore the vaccination needs of a female dog during this delicate, yet beautiful stage of its life.
 

Before dog pregnancy
 

There are certain vaccines that you should consider giving your dog before she’s pregnant. 
 

The Canine Task Force of the American Animal Hospital Association believes the following canine immunizations to be essential:

  • Canine Distemper
  • Canine Parvovirus
  • Hepatitis
  • Rabies
     

During dog pregnancy


In general, normal pet owners will not need to vaccinate a pregnant female dog. If she is up to date with all her vaccinations, there is usually no need to give her an additional booster shot just because she is pregnant. Moreover, even veterinarians discourage vaccinating pregnant dogs.
 

Nutrition during nursing in large and small breeds


The nutritional requirement for large-breed dogs differs from that of small-breed dogs. While you would want to shower your pregnant dog with endless foods and treats, it is best to refrain from it. Overfeeding could lead to obesity towards the end of pregnancy. This will increase the risk of difficult labor, which will thereby cause stress to the dog. Hence, during these delicate times, following the feeding guide provided by your vet is a must.
 

A small breed dog needs more calories per pound than a large breed dog to sufficiently sustain her puppies during pregnancy as well as breastfeeding. The to-be mother dog’s food consumption should be increased by roughly 15% to 25% as she nears the date of delivery.
 

Small dog breeds should be fed small breed puppy food. Therefore, choose a highly nutritious puppy diet for your dog based on the size of the breed.
 

Before pregnancy: Plan ahead


If you're planning to breed your female dog, it’s important to assess her body condition well in advance due to the physical demands of pregnancy and nursing, a dog with less-than-ideal health can experience problems.
 

  • An underweight dog often has difficulty consuming enough food to support both her own nutritional needs and those of her developing puppies.
  • Overweight dogs may experience abnormal or difficult labor because of large fetuses.
     

Be sure to feed the proper amounts of a complete and balanced diet. This will support the mother's healthy weight and body condition before breeding and help maintain her health and that of her babies throughout pregnancy and lactation.
 

Pregnancy: Monitor your dog’s weight gain


The gestation period for dogs is nine weeks. Pregnant dogs gain weight only slightly until about the sixth week, and then gain weight rapidly.
 

The energy requirements of pregnant dogs are reflected in the pattern of weight gain. Pregnant dogs will need to consume 25% to 50% more than their normal food intake by the end of pregnancy, but energy requirements do not increase until about the sixth week.
 

The best diet for pregnant and nursing dogs is a high-quality, nutrient-dense pet food formulated for all life stages. Although puppy diets are generally recommended for pregnant or nursing dogs, large-breed puppy formulas may not be appropriate for this use due to their adjusted energy and mineral content.
 

What food should be avoided while caring for a pregnant dog?


Raw foods are not recommended for nursing or pregnant dogs. Most dogs can get by on high-quality dog food alone, so unless your veterinarian suggests otherwise, you should avoid giving your dog any additional vitamins or supplements.
 

A good option is to give your pregnant dog IAMS™ PROACTIVE HEALTH™ Mother and Baby dog food. It supports the mother’s gestation and milk production for healthy puppy development while also boosting your puppy's training capacity with vital DHA for healthy brain development, making its first year of life a pleasant one.
 

Nursing: Make sure your dog gets sufficient nutrition


Pregnant dogs lose weight after giving birth, but their nutritional needs increase dramatically. Depending on litter size, nursing dogs might need two to three times their normal food requirement to nourish their pups. Be sure your nursing mom has plenty of water, so she can generate the milk volume she needs to feed the litter.
 

To help your nursing dog get enough nutrition, you can try several tactics:
 

  • Feed a nutrient-dense diet such as puppy food.
  • Instead of increasing the quantity of food in a single meal, increase the number of meals throughout the day.
  • Adopt free-choice feeding and offer unlimited access to dry food throughout the day.
     

Weaning: Return to a pre-pregnancy diet


By four to five weeks after birth, most puppies start showing an interest in their mother’s food. Gradually, the puppies will begin eating more solid food and nursing less. At the same time, the nursing mother will usually begin eating less. Most puppies are completely weaned around age 7 to 8 weeks. By this time, the mother's energy requirement is back to normal, and she should be eating her normal pre-pregnancy diet.
 

Frequency of vet visits during pregnancy


Your pregnant dog must be taken to the vet multiple times during her pregnancy. To begin with, schedule a prenatal appointment two to three weeks after mating. And later on, go for vet examination three weeks before whelping, especially to confirm that the mama dog and puppies are in good health. You can visit your veterinarian at regular intervals for your pooch’s well-being.
 

Female dogs need special care during pregnancy. And since you have reached the end of this article, you probably know your responsibilities now. From feeding them right to providing sufficient exercise, as a dog parent, you must ensure that your pet and her babies are in the pink of health.

 

If you're looking for the perfect dog for you, try our Dog Breed Selector today and enjoy a lifetime of tail-wagging joy.

FAQs On Nutritional Needs for Pregnant and Nursing Dogs

  1. What should a pregnant dog eat?
  2. A pregnant dog should be switched to a higher-calorie diet (when they are already a month into pregnancy). The food should also have 22% protein and 1600 kcal of digestible calories per pound.

  3. How many months is a dog pregnant?
  4. A dog can be pregnant for up to 70 days. However, in most cases, puppies arrive within 63 to 65 days of conception.

  5. Can I feed my dog during labor?
  6. If your dog is in active labor, she would most likely refuse to eat. The labor process can be exhausting, resulting in stomach trouble, pacing, vomiting, and uneasiness. As a result, feeding her during this period is ineffective. If your dog eats soon before labor, she may vomit up the meal.

  7. Can a dog get pregnant if not in heat?
  8. Your dog can only become pregnant when she is in heat, which occurs once or twice annually depending on the breed. When dogs are about 6 months old, they go into heat for the first time. The entire heating cycle takes about three weeks, and it is during this cycle that your dog can become pregnant.

  9. Do mother dogs miss their pups?
  10. Mother dogs may miss their pups if their specific circumstances are not taken into account. Therefore, plan everything carefully before breeding her to a male to ensure that the separation of her litter is not all at once.

  11. Can my dog get pregnant while nursing puppies?
  12. Yes, your dog can get pregnant again at any time after she has given birth. However, it will depend on when she goes into heat again. Thus, it is best advised to keep the male dogs away from her so that insemination doesn't happen accidentally.

  13. How to take care of a pregnant dog?
  14. Here are a few tips on caring for a pregnant dog:

    • Indulge her in short walks or easy and light playtime
    • Follow a healthy, nutrition-rich diet
    • Dogs can pass worms to their puppies. So, ensure that you deworm her. However, not every deworming medicine is safe for pregnant dogs; hence, consult your vet.
    • Stay in touch with your veterinarian at every stage of pregnancy. The doctor will help you manage her weight, mood, and overall health.
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    Vitamin K for Dogs - Benefits & Side Effects

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    At the heart of your dog's vitality lies vitamin K. From ensuring proper blood clotting to promoting robust bone health, the importance of vitamin K for dogs’ well-being cannot be overstated. In this blog, we will uncover the benefits surrounding this essential nutrient, exploring its sources, functions, and why it is imperative for fostering a healthy and happy life for your furry friend.


    What is vitamin K?

    Vitamin K, a crucial fat-soluble nutrient for dogs, holds paramount importance in their overall health. Best known for its role in blood clotting, vitamin K ensures your canine companion's body can effectively respond to injuries by forming clots, preventing excessive bleeding. Beyond its hemostatic function, vitamin K plays a key role in bone health, regulating calcium and supporting protein synthesis crucial for maintaining bone density.
     

    Two main forms, K1 (found in green leafy vegetables) and K2 (sourced from animal products and fermented foods), highlight the importance of a diverse diet. Understanding these sources and functions is pivotal, ensuring your dog receives a balanced nutritional intake.


    Can dogs have vitamin K?

    Yes, dogs can and should have vitamin K as part of their diet. While dogs can synthesise some vitamin K on their own, it is often not sufficient for their overall health. However, it's important to note that dog diets should be carefully curated, as excessive vitamin K supplementation can lead to adverse effects. Always consult with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate amount of vitamin K for your dog's specific needs. By incorporating the right sources of vitamin K into your dog's diet, you contribute to their blood clotting, bone health, and overall well-being.


    Is vitamin K good for dogs?

    Yes, Vitamin K is beneficial for dogs and plays a crucial role in maintaining their overall health. As mentioned previously, vitamin K is essential for blood clotting, which is vital in preventing excessive bleeding in case of injuries or wounds. It also contributes to bone health and supports the proper functioning of the cardiovascular system. Including sufficient vitamin K in a dog's diet is particularly important to ensure their blood coagulation mechanisms are functioning optimally.
     

    While vitamin K is generally safe for dogs, it is essential to provide it in appropriate amounts. Excessive intake of vitamin K for dogs may lead to adverse effects, so it is recommended to consult with a veterinarian to determine the right dosage for your dog's specific needs. Additionally, pet parents should be cautious about offering human supplements, as they may contain ingredients that are harmful to dogs.


    Benefits of vitamin K for dogs

    Understanding the diverse benefits of vitamin K for dogs is crucial in crafting a well-rounded approach to their nutritional needs. From supporting blood clotting to contributing to bone health, vitamin K plays a multifaceted role in enhancing your canine companion's overall well-being.

    • Blood clotting support

    Vitamin K is pivotal in the synthesis of clotting factors, enabling your dog's blood to coagulate effectively. This ensures a rapid response to injuries, preventing excessive bleeding from minor wounds and promoting a quicker recovery process.

    • Bone health

    Beyond its hemostatic function, vitamin K regulates calcium within bones and facilitates the synthesis of proteins vital for maintaining optimal bone density. This not only supports skeletal strength but also contributes to a reduced risk of bone-related issues in your dog.

    • Anti-inflammatory properties

    Research suggests that vitamin K possesses anti-inflammatory properties, potentially aiding in managing conditions characterized by inflammation, and promoting a more comfortable and active life for your furry friend.

    • Cell protection

    Serving as an antioxidant, vitamin K helps protect cells from damage, fortifying your dog's cellular health and bolstering their immune function against external stressors.

    • Cardiovascular health

    Emerging studies indicate a potential link between vitamin K for dogs and cardiovascular health, with the vitamin playing a role in preventing the calcification of arteries. This aspect highlights the broader impact of Vitamin K on your dog's systemic well-being.
     

    Incorporating vitamin K-rich foods into your dog's diet can harness these benefits, but it's essential to consult with your veterinarian to tailor a nutrition plan that aligns with your dog's specific needs and ensures a vibrant and healthy life.


    Vitamin K sources for dogs

    Navigating the nutritional landscape for your canine companion involves understanding diverse sources of Vitamin K1 and K2. Here is a breakdown of some safe vitamin K foods for dogs:
     

    Sources of vitamin K1 for dogs

    • Turnip greens: Turnip greens are a nutrient powerhouse for dogs, particularly rich in vitamin K1. This essential nutrient plays a pivotal role in promoting proper blood clotting, making turnip greens a valuable addition to your dog's diet for overall health and injury resilience.
    • Broccoli: Beyond its crunchy texture and appealing taste, broccoli is a canine-friendly source of vitamin K1. Regular inclusion of broccoli in your dog's meals supports not only blood clotting but also contributes to robust bone health, ensuring a foundation for an active and healthy lifestyle.
    • Brussels sprouts: These are not only a flavourful treat for dogs but also a source of vitamin K1, supporting their blood clotting mechanisms. Including Brussels sprouts in your dog's diet provides a diverse range of nutrients, showcasing their role not just as a tasty snack but as a nutritional asset.
    • Green beans: Green beans offer more than just a crunchy and refreshing snack for dogs, they contain vitamin K1, enhancing your pet's coagulation system. Whether given as treats or added to meals, green beans contribute to the overall well-being of your dog, ensuring a balanced intake of essential nutrients.
    • Green peas: Packed with vitamin K1, green peas are a nutrient-dense addition to your dog's diet. Besides supporting blood clotting, these peas provide a burst of energy and contribute to the overall vitality of your furry friend when incorporated into their regular meals.
    • Cabbage: Incorporating cabbage into your dog's meals also provides a source of vitamin K1. This nutrient is vital for maintaining a healthy coagulation system, underlining the importance of varied and balanced nutrition for your dog's optimal health.
       

    Sources of vitamin K2 for dogs

    • Hard and soft cheeses: Delight your dog's taste buds with hard and soft cheeses like Gouda or Brie, which not only make for a delicious treat but also serve as a source of vitamin K2. Incorporating these cheeses into your dog's diet can contribute to their overall well-being, providing essential nutrients for various physiological functions.
    • Pork chops: As a meaty source of vitamin K2, pork chops offer a tasty option that goes beyond satisfying your dog's palate. The inclusion of pork chops in your dog's diet supports their overall well-being, emphasising the importance of diverse protein sources for a balanced and nutritious canine diet.
    • Ground beef: Rich in vitamin K2, ground beef adds a flavorful element to your dog's meals while contributing to their blood clotting and bone health. This meaty option provides a range of essential nutrients, making it a valuable component of a well-rounded canine diet.
    • Chicken: Beyond being a versatile protein source, chicken also provides vitamin K2, supporting your dog's blood clotting mechanisms. Whether served as lean cuts or included in balanced meals, chicken contributes to the nutritional diversity essential for your dog's overall health.
    • Beef, pork, or chicken liver: Organ meats like liver, whether from beef, pork, or chicken, are rich sources of vitamin K2. The inclusion of these meats in your dog's diet ensures a nutrient boost, supporting various physiological functions and highlighting the importance of incorporating organ meats for a well-rounded canine nutrition plan.
    • Eggs: Beyond their protein content, eggs also offer vitamin K2, contributing to your dog's overall health. Whether scrambled, boiled, or included in meals, eggs provide a versatile and nutrient-packed option, promoting blood clotting and bone development in your cherished companion.
    • Vitamin K supplements: While there is a range of foods that can be added to your dog’s diet for vitamin K, there is also a range of dog supplements available in the market for boosting your dog’s health. You can also consider incorporating these under veterinary guidance to ensure a balanced and tailored approach to your dog's nutritional needs, supporting blood clotting and overall canine health.

    Vitamin K for dogs is essential for their overall well-being, playing a crucial role in blood clotting and bone health. The importance of a diverse diet, encompassing both K1 and K2 from sources like green leafy vegetables and animal products, cannot be overstated. However, the key lies in moderation, as excessive supplementation may have adverse effects. It is essential to consult with your veterinarian to ensure informed decision-making. By responsibly incorporating vitamin K-rich foods into your dog's meals, you contribute to their resilience to tackle everyday challenges. This nutritional journey fosters a healthy and joyous life for your cherished furry companion.